HAUL ROAD GRADE
Is there any grade effect/impact for heavy equipment ???
GRADE IMPACT
Performance & Durability
- Large decrease in drive system components
o Accelerated mechanical component wear
o Exceed thermal capacity ratings
- Changes in engine life
- Changes in productivity
- Changes in Tire Life
GRADE IMPACT
Productivity & Fuel Consumption
FUEL CONSUMPTION OF 90TONNER TRUCK
= 80.61 L TR / HR . CYCLE TIME = 13.34 MINUTES
FUEL CONSUMPTION OF 90 TONNER TRUCK
= 74.55 LTR / HR.CYCLE TIME = 12.5 MINUTES
GRADE IMPACT
Tire Life (1)
Source : Maintenance Off The Road Tires (Bridgestone)
Grade Impact
Tire Life (2)
MAXIMUM EXCESS LOAD
Source : Maintenance Off The Road Tires (Bridgestone)
GRADE IMPACT
Tire Life (3)
Source : Maintenance Off The Road Tires (Bridgestone)
GRADE IMPACT
Tire Life (4)
Source : Maintenance Off The Road Tires (Bridgestone)
GRADE IMPACT
Tire Life (5)
Load Incr. = (1- cos alpha) + 2H sin alpha / L
alpha = 5 -> Load = +12%
EXCESSIVE LOAD IMPACT
Damage Tire
Ply Separation
Heat Separation
Abnormal Wear
Cut and Shock Impact
Bead Damage
GRADE IMPACT
Estimate Component, Fuel Efficiency
HAUL ROAD GRADE
ROLLING RESISTANCE
ROLLING RESISTANCE IMPACT
Productivity & Fuel Consumption
FUEL CONSUMPTION OF 90 TONNER TRUCK
= 74.55 LTR / HR.CYCLE TIME = 12.5 MINUTES
FUEL CONSUMPTION OF 90 TONNER
TRUCK = 69.72 LTR/ HR.CYCLE TIME = 12.18 MINUTES
ROLLING RESISTANCE IMPACT
Machine Performance
Rolling Resistance can have the similiar impact as Grade Resistance.
GRADE & ROLLING IMPACT
Time Motion Study
GRADE & ROLLING IMPACT
Time Motion Study
HAUL ROAD DESIGN
Others Parameter (1)
• Curve Radius
• Superelevation
• Road signs for speed and gear selection.
HAUL ROAD DESIGN
Super Elevation (2)
– Maximize Speeds
– Minimize Tire Wear
– Minimize Spillage
HAUL ROAD DESIGN
Turning Radius (3)
e + f =V ² / (15 R )
e = superelevation rate, feet per foot
f = side friction factor
V = mph ( vehicle speed )
R = curve radius , feet
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