Why has Mining a role to play in Sustainable Development?
a. Essential to modern living and ingredients of most products, industry inputs and services
b. Importance to developing countries and international commerce
c. Mineral resources comprise ~50% of natural capital, and exploiting them effects all other components of natural capital - land, water, air and biodiversity
WHY DOES MINING ACTIVITY ALWAYS CONFLICT WITH THE ENVIRONMENT?
a. Can be found everywhere (occurrence everywhere)
- Can not choose location for development
b. Change landscape
- Huge earth material movement (for surface mining)
c. High capital intensity, high risk…(mining is gambling)
- Involve heavy (big) equipment
- Low employment (not mass production type)
The important of same perception on natural resources utilization
a. Along with its genesis, most of mineral resources lay down underneath protected forest
b. Mineral resources (if needed) can be utilized for national sustainable development
Comprehensive policy on “all natural resources” utilization is needed to achieve the prosperity of the nation
Industry expenditure
Expenditure for public service
Contribution to Indonesian Economy
Corporate Citizenship & Sustainable Development:
A New Paradigm
World Mine Ministeries Forum Toronto, March 2000
Polluter pays / end of pipe
- Command & control
- Dependency
Pollution prevention
- Partnership & cooperation
- Interdependency
Principle of implementation of Sustainable Development
Process of Mine Closure Planning
(Edited from: SRK Consulting, A Technical Framework for Mine Closure Planning – Tchnical Review Series No 20, British Mineral Industry Research Organization (MIRO) 15 March 2002).
Some Application of Good Mining Practice
- High precision exploration
- Application of proper technology (recovery, impact)
- Land use efficiency
- Soil/overburden handling, erosion and sedimentation control, AMD
- Reuse and recycle of water from processing plant, Protection of water sources
- Total mining, contemporaneous reclamation
- Environmental monitoring
EFFORTS HAVE BEEN DONE IN MINING
Application of Pollution Prevention Principle, as follow:
INTERNALISATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN MINING ACTIVITY !!!
Means:
Give first priority on technical approach in mining activity in order to minimize impact and to mitigate impact
OPERATIONALISATION IN GOVERNMENT TASK
- Annual environmental management and monitoring plan
- Report on quarterly and yearly environmental management implementation
- Five year reclamation plan
- Reclamation bonding
- Report on reclamation progress
- Report on environmental incident handling
TECHNICAL ASPECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN MINING
a. Acid Rock/Mine Drainage, (ARD, AMD)
b. Erosion and sedimentation control
c. Tailing
d. Slope stability
- pit /ex pit
- Overburden dump
e. Reclamation
- Rehabilitation of soil surface function
- Prevention of flood/slide
f. Artificial Wet Land
g. Mine closure
- Environmental safety
- Sustainability of development
Future Government Policy :
a. Encourage company to implement Good Mining Practice
b. Partnership development
c. Promote investation
d. Encourage undergound mining and marginal deposit exploitation (insentif mechanism)
CLOSING REMARKS
a. Indonesia relatively has abundance mineral resources and it has high potency as base capital for development
b. Mining industry as prime mover and accelerator for national economic development should be optimized
c. Mineral resources utilization should be well and carefully managed, because nonrenewable and can generate negative impact to the environment