Showing posts with label Mining News. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Mining News. Show all posts

Tuesday, November 23, 2010

Pike River 'pool' the key to New Zealand miners' survival as drill finally breaks through


Government has shown that the Pike River Coal Mine "can not" enter safe enough for the teams and to save 29 trapped miners.

Asked if it would ever be safe for rescue workers to the mine where the miners are trapped since Friday in order, Superintendent Gary Knowles has given added stuff.co.nz reports "it could never reach that point."

He also said: "Although I can understand [the families'] frustration, we all to go underground, of course, over time, reduce us hope .."

The statement came as Supt Knowles and hot gas exploded from the mine after a while broke this morning.

Energy Minister Gerry Brownlee confirmed 150mm bore has been completed, with reports half robot made good progress with me. He said the hole had "hot gas rushing a lot of hot air and well", reports stuff.co.nz.

Authorities later said the gas with high carbon dioxide and methane was, and little oxygen.

Helpers are short for a camera in the hope and listening device in the hole below.

Pike River CEO Peter Whittall said there was a "great honor" that due to the rush of gases that came out of the hole and the length of time since the explosion, the outlook was not good for the 29 men of the earth.

But he added: "I hope that the guys are waiting there I hope to see you again .."

A second robot was sent into the mine this morning and passed the 1 km mark.

The first robot in the emergency service was resumed in the night and reached the 1 km mark before the battery ran low. It was a miner headlamp is one of Russell Smith, one of two men who escaped after the mine explosion Friday.

Mr Whittall said the light was still working, which means that if the surviving miners frugal with their lights, they can still mean.

A third robot is flown to Australia.

Restricted Area

The developments follow speculation today that four men live in a remote area of the tunnel complex.

Authorities yesterday described the chances of the 29 miners missing since huge gas explosion Friday as "somber" and New Zealand Prime Minister warned the nation to prepare for the worst.

But the Australian has learned that miners identified on the site a section where people could have survived.

The coal-washing station as a "pool" is known, down, on the one hand, and a corner of the central area where the explosion occurred understood.

According to Dave Gold Mine Staiger, who lives in a village near the mining Pike River Site and is in contact with his staff, believe the rescue crews that the greatest strength of the explosion and fire methane, the mine was gone, and "pool" would have protected, at least in part, are.

Mr. Staiger showed the Australian a card signed by one of the miners in Pike River, which the mine layout and point to the coal preparation section.

In a press conference yesterday, said Pike River chief executive Peter Whittall, as an area where a small number of miners had been working.

Mr Whittall describes how the two miners were shot after the explosion had expired, but from the mine, both work away from the main area of the mine, were protected by distance or at an angle.

"Survival in an explosion or otherwise dependent on the base where you are," said Mr Whittall.

CCTV

Dramatic pictures show the moment of the explosion blasted their way out of the main tunnel was revealed for the first time yesterday.

Pike River managers and the police played a video from a surveillance camera at the entrance of the mine taken.

It shows a patch on the side of the entrance to the tunnel in a gentle curve starts with the air flow, then wipe out hard as a wild river of wind and debris flying. The explosion takes almost a minute, such as dust, chunks, and finally a piece of light sheet overthrow my almost horizontal.

The company and the police the video at the families and friends five days after the explosion of rage, it was still too dangerous to send in rescue teams counter.

Pike River 'pool' the key to New Zealand miners' survival as drill finally breaks through


Government has shown that the Pike River Coal Mine "can not" enter safe enough for the teams and to save 29 trapped miners.

Asked if it would ever be safe for rescue workers to the mine where the miners are trapped since Friday in order, Superintendent Gary Knowles has given added stuff.co.nz reports "it could never reach that point."

He also said: "Although I can understand [the families'] frustration, we all to go underground, of course, over time, reduce us hope .."

The statement came as Supt Knowles and hot gas exploded from the mine after a while broke this morning.

Energy Minister Gerry Brownlee confirmed 150mm bore has been completed, with reports half robot made good progress with me. He said the hole had "hot gas rushing a lot of hot air and well", reports stuff.co.nz.

Authorities later said the gas with high carbon dioxide and methane was, and little oxygen.

Helpers are short for a camera in the hope and listening device in the hole below.

Pike River CEO Peter Whittall said there was a "great honor" that due to the rush of gases that came out of the hole and the length of time since the explosion, the outlook was not good for the 29 men of the earth.

But he added: "I hope that the guys are waiting there I hope to see you again .."

A second robot was sent into the mine this morning and passed the 1 km mark.

The first robot in the emergency service was resumed in the night and reached the 1 km mark before the battery ran low. It was a miner headlamp is one of Russell Smith, one of two men who escaped after the mine explosion Friday.

Mr Whittall said the light was still working, which means that if the surviving miners frugal with their lights, they can still mean.

A third robot is flown to Australia.

Restricted Area

The developments follow speculation today that four men live in a remote area of the tunnel complex.

Authorities yesterday described the chances of the 29 miners missing since huge gas explosion Friday as "somber" and New Zealand Prime Minister warned the nation to prepare for the worst.

But the Australian has learned that miners identified on the site a section where people could have survived.

The coal-washing station as a "pool" is known, down, on the one hand, and a corner of the central area where the explosion occurred understood.

According to Dave Gold Mine Staiger, who lives in a village near the mining Pike River Site and is in contact with his staff, believe the rescue crews that the greatest strength of the explosion and fire methane, the mine was gone, and "pool" would have protected, at least in part, are.

Mr. Staiger showed the Australian a card signed by one of the miners in Pike River, which the mine layout and point to the coal preparation section.

In a press conference yesterday, said Pike River chief executive Peter Whittall, as an area where a small number of miners had been working.

Mr Whittall describes how the two miners were shot after the explosion had expired, but from the mine, both work away from the main area of the mine, were protected by distance or at an angle.

"Survival in an explosion or otherwise dependent on the base where you are," said Mr Whittall.

CCTV

Dramatic pictures show the moment of the explosion blasted their way out of the main tunnel was revealed for the first time yesterday.

Pike River managers and the police played a video from a surveillance camera at the entrance of the mine taken.

It shows a patch on the side of the entrance to the tunnel in a gentle curve starts with the air flow, then wipe out hard as a wild river of wind and debris flying. The explosion takes almost a minute, such as dust, chunks, and finally a piece of light sheet overthrow my almost horizontal.

The company and the police the video at the families and friends five days after the explosion of rage, it was still too dangerous to send in rescue teams counter.

Pike River 'pool' the key to New Zealand miners' survival as drill finally breaks through


Government has shown that the Pike River Coal Mine "can not" enter safe enough for the teams and to save 29 trapped miners.

Asked if it would ever be safe for rescue workers to the mine where the miners are trapped since Friday in order, Superintendent Gary Knowles has given added stuff.co.nz reports "it could never reach that point."

He also said: "Although I can understand [the families'] frustration, we all to go underground, of course, over time, reduce us hope .."

The statement came as Supt Knowles and hot gas exploded from the mine after a while broke this morning.

Energy Minister Gerry Brownlee confirmed 150mm bore has been completed, with reports half robot made good progress with me. He said the hole had "hot gas rushing a lot of hot air and well", reports stuff.co.nz.

Authorities later said the gas with high carbon dioxide and methane was, and little oxygen.

Helpers are short for a camera in the hope and listening device in the hole below.

Pike River CEO Peter Whittall said there was a "great honor" that due to the rush of gases that came out of the hole and the length of time since the explosion, the outlook was not good for the 29 men of the earth.

But he added: "I hope that the guys are waiting there I hope to see you again .."

A second robot was sent into the mine this morning and passed the 1 km mark.

The first robot in the emergency service was resumed in the night and reached the 1 km mark before the battery ran low. It was a miner headlamp is one of Russell Smith, one of two men who escaped after the mine explosion Friday.

Mr Whittall said the light was still working, which means that if the surviving miners frugal with their lights, they can still mean.

A third robot is flown to Australia.

Restricted Area

The developments follow speculation today that four men live in a remote area of the tunnel complex.

Authorities yesterday described the chances of the 29 miners missing since huge gas explosion Friday as "somber" and New Zealand Prime Minister warned the nation to prepare for the worst.

But the Australian has learned that miners identified on the site a section where people could have survived.

The coal-washing station as a "pool" is known, down, on the one hand, and a corner of the central area where the explosion occurred understood.

According to Dave Gold Mine Staiger, who lives in a village near the mining Pike River Site and is in contact with his staff, believe the rescue crews that the greatest strength of the explosion and fire methane, the mine was gone, and "pool" would have protected, at least in part, are.

Mr. Staiger showed the Australian a card signed by one of the miners in Pike River, which the mine layout and point to the coal preparation section.

In a press conference yesterday, said Pike River chief executive Peter Whittall, as an area where a small number of miners had been working.

Mr Whittall describes how the two miners were shot after the explosion had expired, but from the mine, both work away from the main area of the mine, were protected by distance or at an angle.

"Survival in an explosion or otherwise dependent on the base where you are," said Mr Whittall.

CCTV

Dramatic pictures show the moment of the explosion blasted their way out of the main tunnel was revealed for the first time yesterday.

Pike River managers and the police played a video from a surveillance camera at the entrance of the mine taken.

It shows a patch on the side of the entrance to the tunnel in a gentle curve starts with the air flow, then wipe out hard as a wild river of wind and debris flying. The explosion takes almost a minute, such as dust, chunks, and finally a piece of light sheet overthrow my almost horizontal.

The company and the police the video at the families and friends five days after the explosion of rage, it was still too dangerous to send in rescue teams counter.

Pike River 'pool' the key to New Zealand miners' survival as drill finally breaks through


Government has shown that the Pike River Coal Mine "can not" enter safe enough for the teams and to save 29 trapped miners.

Asked if it would ever be safe for rescue workers to the mine where the miners are trapped since Friday in order, Superintendent Gary Knowles has given added stuff.co.nz reports "it could never reach that point."

He also said: "Although I can understand [the families'] frustration, we all to go underground, of course, over time, reduce us hope .."

The statement came as Supt Knowles and hot gas exploded from the mine after a while broke this morning.

Energy Minister Gerry Brownlee confirmed 150mm bore has been completed, with reports half robot made good progress with me. He said the hole had "hot gas rushing a lot of hot air and well", reports stuff.co.nz.

Authorities later said the gas with high carbon dioxide and methane was, and little oxygen.

Helpers are short for a camera in the hope and listening device in the hole below.

Pike River CEO Peter Whittall said there was a "great honor" that due to the rush of gases that came out of the hole and the length of time since the explosion, the outlook was not good for the 29 men of the earth.

But he added: "I hope that the guys are waiting there I hope to see you again .."

A second robot was sent into the mine this morning and passed the 1 km mark.

The first robot in the emergency service was resumed in the night and reached the 1 km mark before the battery ran low. It was a miner headlamp is one of Russell Smith, one of two men who escaped after the mine explosion Friday.

Mr Whittall said the light was still working, which means that if the surviving miners frugal with their lights, they can still mean.

A third robot is flown to Australia.

Restricted Area

The developments follow speculation today that four men live in a remote area of the tunnel complex.

Authorities yesterday described the chances of the 29 miners missing since huge gas explosion Friday as "somber" and New Zealand Prime Minister warned the nation to prepare for the worst.

But the Australian has learned that miners identified on the site a section where people could have survived.

The coal-washing station as a "pool" is known, down, on the one hand, and a corner of the central area where the explosion occurred understood.

According to Dave Gold Mine Staiger, who lives in a village near the mining Pike River Site and is in contact with his staff, believe the rescue crews that the greatest strength of the explosion and fire methane, the mine was gone, and "pool" would have protected, at least in part, are.

Mr. Staiger showed the Australian a card signed by one of the miners in Pike River, which the mine layout and point to the coal preparation section.

In a press conference yesterday, said Pike River chief executive Peter Whittall, as an area where a small number of miners had been working.

Mr Whittall describes how the two miners were shot after the explosion had expired, but from the mine, both work away from the main area of the mine, were protected by distance or at an angle.

"Survival in an explosion or otherwise dependent on the base where you are," said Mr Whittall.

CCTV

Dramatic pictures show the moment of the explosion blasted their way out of the main tunnel was revealed for the first time yesterday.

Pike River managers and the police played a video from a surveillance camera at the entrance of the mine taken.

It shows a patch on the side of the entrance to the tunnel in a gentle curve starts with the air flow, then wipe out hard as a wild river of wind and debris flying. The explosion takes almost a minute, such as dust, chunks, and finally a piece of light sheet overthrow my almost horizontal.

The company and the police the video at the families and friends five days after the explosion of rage, it was still too dangerous to send in rescue teams counter.

Monday, November 22, 2010

Copper Gains as Dollar Drop Boosts Demand; Aluminum, Zinc Rise


Copper advanced in London as the dollar weakened against its major partners, increasing the investment appeal of the metal. Aluminium and zinc also have experience.

The metal for delivery three months climbed as much as 1.3 percent to $ 8,514.75 per tonne on the London Metal Exchange, and traded at $ 8,493.5 0.04 in Shanghai. Aluminium rose gained 2 percent to $ 2,305 per tonne and zinc 2.1 percent to $ 2,205 per tonne.

"The buyer for the direction of the search in an uncertain macro picture in China, so they will move quickly to the dollar and outdoor markets," Haisan Liang, an analyst at CITIC Newedge Futures Co., said over the phone Shanghai.

The U.S. currency fell against 14 of the 16 most-traded counterparts for the Federal Reserve released the minutes of Federal Open Market Committee meeting this month. The dollar index, which tracks the dollar rose against the currencies of six major U.S. trading partners, including the euro, yen and sterling, fell for the fourth day, losing 0.5 percent to 78 096.

Make sure that the tightening measures to cool inflation in China is an important negative impact on the demand for raw materials can be a bit excessive, JPMorgan Chase & Co. in a research note by e-mail said today.

"While the real estate industry in China will probably slow start in 2011 and is over-supply concerns in the industry next year, there are many infrastructure projects to ensure in the pipeline, that the fundamentals for commodities in China, the demand to remain strong next year's report .

Ratio Hike

China, the world's largest consumer of metals, banks set aside larger reserves ordered for the second time in two weeks by an increase in demand of 50 basis points on 29 November, said the central bank on its website in Chinese markets closed on 19 November. The aim is to strengthen liquidity management and "adequate control" loans and loans, he said.

China's reserve ratio increase provided temporary relief in the market today, "said Tan Wentao, HNA TopWin Futures analyst, by phone from Shanghai. "In this round, should the price controls, agriculture in focus, ie metals less affected," said Tan.

Copper for delivery in March in Shanghai fell by 1.5 percent to 63,230 yuan ($ 9,522) per tonne to close at 63,910 yuan to 11:30 Break.

China's inflation 6.3 percent reached in the next year, so the country can increase combat the interest rate and reserve ratio of at least 150 basis points next year for inflation, citing the Times Securities Tao Dong, Credit Suisse Economist Group AG in Hong Kong, as meaningless.

Chile strike

In Chile, challenged Anglo American plc and Xstrata Plc Collahuasi mining unit, a union statement that only five or six employees had accepted a wage proposal for a 15-day strike in the fourth world's largest copper mine end. The figure is "significantly" more than that, the company spokeswoman Bernardita Fernandez said in an e-mail statement on 19 November, without saying how much has been accepted.

Employees have until 23 November of the company's offer November 1917, to accept the pay a bonus of 14 million pesos ($ 29,154), includes up from a previous offer of 13.5 million pesos.

The production is usually on mine and the port, after the company decided to create a contingency plan with non-union employees.

Lead in London advanced 1.2 percent to $ 2,305 per ton of nickel rose by 0.5 percent to $ 21,950 per tonne and tin rose by 1 percent to $ 25,250 per tonne.


Copper Gains as Dollar Drop Boosts Demand; Aluminum, Zinc Rise


Copper advanced in London as the dollar weakened against its major partners, increasing the investment appeal of the metal. Aluminium and zinc also have experience.

The metal for delivery three months climbed as much as 1.3 percent to $ 8,514.75 per tonne on the London Metal Exchange, and traded at $ 8,493.5 0.04 in Shanghai. Aluminium rose gained 2 percent to $ 2,305 per tonne and zinc 2.1 percent to $ 2,205 per tonne.

"The buyer for the direction of the search in an uncertain macro picture in China, so they will move quickly to the dollar and outdoor markets," Haisan Liang, an analyst at CITIC Newedge Futures Co., said over the phone Shanghai.

The U.S. currency fell against 14 of the 16 most-traded counterparts for the Federal Reserve released the minutes of Federal Open Market Committee meeting this month. The dollar index, which tracks the dollar rose against the currencies of six major U.S. trading partners, including the euro, yen and sterling, fell for the fourth day, losing 0.5 percent to 78 096.

Make sure that the tightening measures to cool inflation in China is an important negative impact on the demand for raw materials can be a bit excessive, JPMorgan Chase & Co. in a research note by e-mail said today.

"While the real estate industry in China will probably slow start in 2011 and is over-supply concerns in the industry next year, there are many infrastructure projects to ensure in the pipeline, that the fundamentals for commodities in China, the demand to remain strong next year's report .

Ratio Hike

China, the world's largest consumer of metals, banks set aside larger reserves ordered for the second time in two weeks by an increase in demand of 50 basis points on 29 November, said the central bank on its website in Chinese markets closed on 19 November. The aim is to strengthen liquidity management and "adequate control" loans and loans, he said.

China's reserve ratio increase provided temporary relief in the market today, "said Tan Wentao, HNA TopWin Futures analyst, by phone from Shanghai. "In this round, should the price controls, agriculture in focus, ie metals less affected," said Tan.

Copper for delivery in March in Shanghai fell by 1.5 percent to 63,230 yuan ($ 9,522) per tonne to close at 63,910 yuan to 11:30 Break.

China's inflation 6.3 percent reached in the next year, so the country can increase combat the interest rate and reserve ratio of at least 150 basis points next year for inflation, citing the Times Securities Tao Dong, Credit Suisse Economist Group AG in Hong Kong, as meaningless.

Chile strike

In Chile, challenged Anglo American plc and Xstrata Plc Collahuasi mining unit, a union statement that only five or six employees had accepted a wage proposal for a 15-day strike in the fourth world's largest copper mine end. The figure is "significantly" more than that, the company spokeswoman Bernardita Fernandez said in an e-mail statement on 19 November, without saying how much has been accepted.

Employees have until 23 November of the company's offer November 1917, to accept the pay a bonus of 14 million pesos ($ 29,154), includes up from a previous offer of 13.5 million pesos.

The production is usually on mine and the port, after the company decided to create a contingency plan with non-union employees.

Lead in London advanced 1.2 percent to $ 2,305 per ton of nickel rose by 0.5 percent to $ 21,950 per tonne and tin rose by 1 percent to $ 25,250 per tonne.


Copper Gains as Dollar Drop Boosts Demand; Aluminum, Zinc Rise


Copper advanced in London as the dollar weakened against its major partners, increasing the investment appeal of the metal. Aluminium and zinc also have experience.

The metal for delivery three months climbed as much as 1.3 percent to $ 8,514.75 per tonne on the London Metal Exchange, and traded at $ 8,493.5 0.04 in Shanghai. Aluminium rose gained 2 percent to $ 2,305 per tonne and zinc 2.1 percent to $ 2,205 per tonne.

"The buyer for the direction of the search in an uncertain macro picture in China, so they will move quickly to the dollar and outdoor markets," Haisan Liang, an analyst at CITIC Newedge Futures Co., said over the phone Shanghai.

The U.S. currency fell against 14 of the 16 most-traded counterparts for the Federal Reserve released the minutes of Federal Open Market Committee meeting this month. The dollar index, which tracks the dollar rose against the currencies of six major U.S. trading partners, including the euro, yen and sterling, fell for the fourth day, losing 0.5 percent to 78 096.

Make sure that the tightening measures to cool inflation in China is an important negative impact on the demand for raw materials can be a bit excessive, JPMorgan Chase & Co. in a research note by e-mail said today.

"While the real estate industry in China will probably slow start in 2011 and is over-supply concerns in the industry next year, there are many infrastructure projects to ensure in the pipeline, that the fundamentals for commodities in China, the demand to remain strong next year's report .

Ratio Hike

China, the world's largest consumer of metals, banks set aside larger reserves ordered for the second time in two weeks by an increase in demand of 50 basis points on 29 November, said the central bank on its website in Chinese markets closed on 19 November. The aim is to strengthen liquidity management and "adequate control" loans and loans, he said.

China's reserve ratio increase provided temporary relief in the market today, "said Tan Wentao, HNA TopWin Futures analyst, by phone from Shanghai. "In this round, should the price controls, agriculture in focus, ie metals less affected," said Tan.

Copper for delivery in March in Shanghai fell by 1.5 percent to 63,230 yuan ($ 9,522) per tonne to close at 63,910 yuan to 11:30 Break.

China's inflation 6.3 percent reached in the next year, so the country can increase combat the interest rate and reserve ratio of at least 150 basis points next year for inflation, citing the Times Securities Tao Dong, Credit Suisse Economist Group AG in Hong Kong, as meaningless.

Chile strike

In Chile, challenged Anglo American plc and Xstrata Plc Collahuasi mining unit, a union statement that only five or six employees had accepted a wage proposal for a 15-day strike in the fourth world's largest copper mine end. The figure is "significantly" more than that, the company spokeswoman Bernardita Fernandez said in an e-mail statement on 19 November, without saying how much has been accepted.

Employees have until 23 November of the company's offer November 1917, to accept the pay a bonus of 14 million pesos ($ 29,154), includes up from a previous offer of 13.5 million pesos.

The production is usually on mine and the port, after the company decided to create a contingency plan with non-union employees.

Lead in London advanced 1.2 percent to $ 2,305 per ton of nickel rose by 0.5 percent to $ 21,950 per tonne and tin rose by 1 percent to $ 25,250 per tonne.


Copper Gains as Dollar Drop Boosts Demand; Aluminum, Zinc Rise


Copper advanced in London as the dollar weakened against its major partners, increasing the investment appeal of the metal. Aluminium and zinc also have experience.

The metal for delivery three months climbed as much as 1.3 percent to $ 8,514.75 per tonne on the London Metal Exchange, and traded at $ 8,493.5 0.04 in Shanghai. Aluminium rose gained 2 percent to $ 2,305 per tonne and zinc 2.1 percent to $ 2,205 per tonne.

"The buyer for the direction of the search in an uncertain macro picture in China, so they will move quickly to the dollar and outdoor markets," Haisan Liang, an analyst at CITIC Newedge Futures Co., said over the phone Shanghai.

The U.S. currency fell against 14 of the 16 most-traded counterparts for the Federal Reserve released the minutes of Federal Open Market Committee meeting this month. The dollar index, which tracks the dollar rose against the currencies of six major U.S. trading partners, including the euro, yen and sterling, fell for the fourth day, losing 0.5 percent to 78 096.

Make sure that the tightening measures to cool inflation in China is an important negative impact on the demand for raw materials can be a bit excessive, JPMorgan Chase & Co. in a research note by e-mail said today.

"While the real estate industry in China will probably slow start in 2011 and is over-supply concerns in the industry next year, there are many infrastructure projects to ensure in the pipeline, that the fundamentals for commodities in China, the demand to remain strong next year's report .

Ratio Hike

China, the world's largest consumer of metals, banks set aside larger reserves ordered for the second time in two weeks by an increase in demand of 50 basis points on 29 November, said the central bank on its website in Chinese markets closed on 19 November. The aim is to strengthen liquidity management and "adequate control" loans and loans, he said.

China's reserve ratio increase provided temporary relief in the market today, "said Tan Wentao, HNA TopWin Futures analyst, by phone from Shanghai. "In this round, should the price controls, agriculture in focus, ie metals less affected," said Tan.

Copper for delivery in March in Shanghai fell by 1.5 percent to 63,230 yuan ($ 9,522) per tonne to close at 63,910 yuan to 11:30 Break.

China's inflation 6.3 percent reached in the next year, so the country can increase combat the interest rate and reserve ratio of at least 150 basis points next year for inflation, citing the Times Securities Tao Dong, Credit Suisse Economist Group AG in Hong Kong, as meaningless.

Chile strike

In Chile, challenged Anglo American plc and Xstrata Plc Collahuasi mining unit, a union statement that only five or six employees had accepted a wage proposal for a 15-day strike in the fourth world's largest copper mine end. The figure is "significantly" more than that, the company spokeswoman Bernardita Fernandez said in an e-mail statement on 19 November, without saying how much has been accepted.

Employees have until 23 November of the company's offer November 1917, to accept the pay a bonus of 14 million pesos ($ 29,154), includes up from a previous offer of 13.5 million pesos.

The production is usually on mine and the port, after the company decided to create a contingency plan with non-union employees.

Lead in London advanced 1.2 percent to $ 2,305 per ton of nickel rose by 0.5 percent to $ 21,950 per tonne and tin rose by 1 percent to $ 25,250 per tonne.