Database Management System

Database management system adalah sebuah cara mengelola data-data menjadi satu-kesatuan yang saling terkait (realtion database) yang pada akhirnya dapat menghasilkan/menggambarkan sebuah proses/sejarah. Data terintegrasi, jika diimplementasikan dalam bentuk digital, dapat menghasilkan sebuah system informasi yang cepat dan akurat.

Dalam proses pengelolaan data, setiap data di-breakdown menjadi entity terkecil yang sering disebut sebagai master. Entity-entity ini diberi sebuah pengenal unik yang selanjutnya menjadi key-refference bagi data-data terkait. Tahapan pembentukan Key-refference inilah yang merupakan kunci keberhasilan sebuah proses sistem informasi.

Ada kalanya, jika para pengambil kebijakan dari sebuah perusahaan tidak mempertimbangkan keahlian dari seorang perancang databases, maka implementasi dari bisnis prosesnya tidak dapat berfungsi secara maksimal.

Oleh sebab itulah, para pengembang terkemuka, seperti Microsoft Dynamics Ax-AXAPTA, SAP, Oracle, PeopleSoft, dll; biasanya akan meminta dukungan dari top management untuk mendapatkan hasil yang optimal.

Pengalaman ini banyak ditemukan oleh para programmer2 muda, dan atau consultan/pengembang junior; yang nota bene project yang dikembangkan masih belum mendapat respon dari top managemen. Pada akhirnya, team pengembang walaupun telah meluangkan waktu dan fikiran yang berlebih tidak menghasilkan sistem informasi sesuai yang diharapkan oleh pengguna.

Meningkatkan Silaturahim Melalui Olah Raga

Assalamualaikum wr wb
Sekali dayung 2000 dan 3000 pulau terlampaui.....,
Semboyan tersebut sepertinya tak asing lagi kita dengar, untuk itu mari kita gunakan semboyan tersebut untuk kesuksesan.
Kesuksesan tidak harus ditempuh dengan prestasi namun bisa juga dengan mempererat silaturahim sehingga dapat saling membantu dalam kesusahan baik materi maupun imamateri.
Sebagai contoh Olah Raga, kegiatan ini banyak berdampak positif sebab dengan jumlah yang banyak dapat merasakan suka, riang, canda diantara beberapa kelompok.




Ketua Olah Raga STIT-2008 (Memet) dalam hal ini menghimbau agar selalu menggalakkan Olah Raga yang Meriah dan terjangkau, sehingga membuat daya tarik para Mahasiswa untuk menyalurkan bakat sehingga tidak terjerumus kepada MIRAS dan yang lainnya.

Sarana Olah Raga di Prabumulih, sudah cukup untuk kegiatan - kegiatan olah raga, namun perlu ditingkatkan dengan gedung yang lebih besar dan mega sehingga menarik para generasi muda untuk meingkatkan olah raga yang berprestasi.

Kepada Pemerintah Kota Prabumulih,
Kalau boleh usul, bagaimana kalau diadakan tempat pembinaan generasi muda di bidang olah raga dan sain, misal mendirikan gedung olah raga yang komplet dengan sarana olah raga lainnya dan membuat balai penelitian yang dilengkapan instruktur2 yang profesional, sehingga dari SD, SMP, SMA, Pergguruan Tinggi dapat merasakan dan mengamalkan teori - teori yang di dapat dan bukan barang mustahil bisa menemukan hal hal yang baru dimana dapat berguna bagi kesejahteraan umat manusia.

Demikian, mohon saran dan tanggapannya.
Wassalam wr wb
Denny N

Aplikasi Matematik

Kebanyakan orang, kata matematika selalu diartikan sebagai kumpulan simbol-simbol dengan algoritma yang menguras akal, pikiran dan energy.
Pada awalnya, ketika saya mempelajari matematika terapan, soal-soal latihan yang disajikan oleh Kreizig, Applied Mathematics; sulit untuk dipahami dan diselesaikan. Setelah berlatih, mengulang dan mencoba mengaplikasinnya kedalam dunia nyata, ternyata.banyak hal-hal sulit dan persoalan kompleks dapat diuraikan menjadi model sederhana sehingga dapat dimengerti oleh anak kecil sekalipun. Gabungan algoritma kecil membentuk sebuah pola untuk menerangkan apa yang ingin diketahui disebut dengan applikasi matematikaDalam prakteknya, terdapat banyak teori matematika yang dapat diapplikasikan kedalam dunia nyata; namun, pada beberapa bidang rekayasa, persamaan differensial, merupakan bidang yang paling banyak dapat diapplikasikan; terutama dalam kaitannya dengan fenomena.

Prospek Pertambangan

Indonesia merupakan negara kaya akan sumber alam (minyak, batu bara dll) dan patut kita bersyukur. Sumatera Selatan adalah salah satu provinsi yang berpotensi sebab kaya akan minyak dan batu bara yang terletak di Prabumulih, Pendopo (Minyak) dan Muara Enim (Batu Bara). Dalam pengelolaan sumber alam dibutuhkan SDM dan peralatan yang canggih dan tepat guna untuk efisiensi dan produktif.
Setelah terjun ke lapangan lokasi pemboran di Pertamina dan penambangan batu bara di PTBA, Menurut saya semuanya sudah mengembirakan dan saya pribadi merasa bangga terhadap kekayaan negara kita ini dan disamping mengambil hasil tambang para perusahaan juga peduli dengan lingkungan dengan cara reklamasi.
Dapat diambil kesimpulan, semua kekayaan alam ini harus disyukuri agar nikmat yang diberikan-Nya dapat bertambah hal tersebut juga harus dilantari para instansi yang terkait misalnya para Perusahaan lebih mengoptimalkan dan meningkatkan semua aspek baik SDM, peralatan dan eksplorasi dengan selalu mengikuti kaidah pertambangan yang baik sesuai aturan dan perundangan Keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja serta peduli lingkungan.

Prabumulih, merupakan kota yang mulai berkembang semestinya sudah ada Universitas yang mempunyai alat praktek yang memadai sehingga melahirkan para Sarjana yang handal dan berprestasi serta dapat berguna bagi bangsa dan negara.
Semoga Allah SWT memberkahi usaha kita semua (amiin)

KKL di Pertamina & PTBA

Coal Quality

Coal is sediment organic which the quality is hardly determined by some factor for example place there is of hollow, age and the many contamination. In its use machine design utilizing coal as component of burning must correspond to quality of the coal that machine utilized durable.

RECOGNITION of PUBLIC QUALITY OF COAL
Coal is generating raw material energy utilized for industry. Quality of from coal would of vital importance in determining equipments utilized. To determine quality of coal, some things which must be paid attention is : High heating value (kcal/kg), Total moisture (%), Inherent moisture (%), Volatile matter (%), Ash content (%), Sulfur content (%), Coal size (%), Hard grove grindability index (< 3mm, 40mm, 50mm), Fixed carbon (%), Phosphorus/chlorine (%), Ultimate analysis : (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, ash), ash fusion Einstein characteristic temperature.


a. High Heating Value (HHV)
High heating value hardly having an effect on to operation of equipment, like : pulverizes, coal pipe, wind box, burner. Excelsior high heating value hence coal stream every hour is increasingly low so that speed of coal feeder must be accommodated.

b. Moisture Content
Content moisture influences number of usages of the primary air, at coal with high moisture content will require primary air more to dry the coal at permanent mill exit temperature.

c. Volatile Matter
Volatile content matter influences perfection of combustion and flame intensity. perfection of Combustion determined by :

Fuel Ratio = Fixed Carbon / Volatile Matter

Excelsior fuel ratio hence carbon which is combustible not more and more.

d. Ash Content and Composition
Ash content will brought with combustion gas through combustion chamber and convection area in the form of fly ash or base ash. Around 20% in the form of elementary ash and 80% in the form of fly ash. Ash content excelsior and depends on the composition influencing level of defilement (fouling), abrasion and equipments corrosion passed by.

e. Sulfur Content
Sulfuric content had an effect on to level of cool side corrosion happened at element of air heater, especially if activity temperature lower than situation of sulfur dew, beside influential to dusty arrest effectiveness at equipments of electrostatic precipator.

f. Coal Size
Coal grain size limited at granule spread and harsh item. Softest item for measure and 3 mm, medium of harshest measure of 50 mm. softest item is limited dustiness and level of amenity controlled the flight of wind causing defiles area. Level of dustiness and amenity flies that there are still be determined also by content moisture coal. 


g. Hard grove Grindability Index (HGI)
Capacities mill (pulverizes) designed at Hard grove grindability certain index, hence for lower HGI of the capacities lower than the measure value to yield the same fineness.

h. Ash Fusion Characteristic
Ash Fusion Characteristic will influence level of fouling, slagging and operation of blower.

PARAMETER QUALITY OF COAL
Quite a lot of parameter to determine quality of inter Alia coal :
1. Total moisture (%) ****)
2. Inherent moisture (%) ****)
3. Ash content (%) *
4. Volatile matter (%) *
5. Fixed carbon
6. Calorific value (kcal/kg) *
7. Total sulfur (%) ***)
8. Index hard grove *
9. Free expansion index ***)
10. Roga index ***)
11. Gray (Gy) king ***)
12. Diatometri ***)
13. Nitrogen ( %) **)
14. Phosphor *)
15. P2O5 *)
16. Plastometri ***)

Description :

*) Required the data for power station of steam power
**) Required the data for fuel
***) Required the data for industry coke metallurgy

Exploiting a certain coal type it is important to know a data set quality of coal needed to a certain need. This data obtained from result an examination analysis. From so much parameter quality of coal, usually only some just having a meaning in continuing an certain efficacy. But by having parameter complete data quality of coal from a certain reserve, would more seen all possibility that exploiting of the coal which can assist industry consumer.

MEANING OF QUALITY OF COAL AT THE EXPLOITING
At exploiting of coal it is important to know characters which will be pointed by the coal, good of character chemically, physical and mechanical. This characters will be able to be seen or concluded from data quality of coal result of the analysis and examination. From a number of data quality of the thereof can be taken the price of its mean, for example water content, chemical stuff other and dusty, but there is also cannot be taken the price of its mean but having to be seen price support and maximum, like at the price of hard grove index and ash melting point.

Some quality parameters which would hardly influences the exploiting is especially as component of burning is:

a. Water content
This distinguishable water content to free water content (free moisture), wafting water content (inherent moisture) and total water content (total moisture). This water content would many its(the influences at transportation, handling, grinder or at the combustion.

b. Ash content
Besides quality which will influence its handling, either as fly ash and also bottom ash but also the composition which will influence its exploiting as well as melting point which can generate fouling at pipes. In this case content Na2O in ash would hardly influences ash melting point. This ash can be yielded from wafting pollutant (inherent impurities) and also pollutant as result of the mining. Dusty composition properly is known carefully for possibility that the exploiting as component of building or ceramic and the operation to area problem which can be generated it.

c. Volatile Matter
Matter content flies very tightly of the bearing with the coal class, more and more matter content height flies more and more low its class. At coal firing, hence matter content flies high would more quickeningly is combustion of denseness carbon conversely matter flies more low hardened combustion process. Content ratio carbon is clinched to matter content to fly called as fuel ratio.

Fuel Ratio Various Coal Types :

1. Coal Type Coke Fuel Ratio 92
2. Coal Type Anthracite Fuel Ratio 24
3. Coal Type Semi of anthracite Fuel Ratio 86

Coal Type Bitumen
Ø Coal Type Low volatile Fuel Ratio 28
Ø Coal Type Volatile medium Fuel Ratio 19
Ø Coal Type High volatile Fuel Ratio 13

4. Coal Type Lignite Fuel Ratio 09

d. Caloric Value (Fuel Ratio)

The price of caloric value is quantifying from the price of heat combustion from coal former elements. The price of caloric value which can be reported is the price of gross calorific value and usually with water amount dried, medium of caloric value which really exploited at coal firing is net calorific value which is countable with the price of temperature latent and sensible influenced by total content from water and ash.

e. Hard grove Grindability Index (HGI)

Hard grove Grindability Index is guide about easy to difficult to of coal for grind. The Price Of Hard grove Grindability Index is obtained with formula :

HGI = 13,6 + 6,93 W

W is weight in gram from fairish soft coal 200 mesh. More and more height the price of HGI more and more the coal slack. A power station of steam power usually prepared to apply grinder capacities to a coal type with certain HGI.

f. Character Caking and Coking
Both the characters to pointed by free expansion value (free swelling index) and the price of dilatation, most off all gives image of character physical of mellowing of coal at its warm-up.

Price explained by result of the analysis and examination obtained from a number of samples by using certain procedures and in control. While practically its exploiting is very differing. For the reason need to be done watcher by coal consumer to result of combustion actually. Thereby will be obtained numbers which can be correlation to result of analysis and examination from coal sample.

Sources : Batubara and Gambut, Ir. Sukandarrumidi, MSc, Ph.D. Gajah Mada University Press

Coal Description

Coal is a heterogeneous solid mixture and there is nature in grade what is different started from lignite, sub bituminous, and anthracite. By virtue of matter content flies (volatile matter) and level of temperature calorie yielded by coal is divided to to become 9 main class. In commerce is recognized term Hard Coal and brown of Coal. Hard Coal is coal type yielding calorie gross more than 5700 kcal/kg and divided :

a.Matter content flies (volatile matter) until 33 %, including class 1-5.
b.Matter content flies (volatile matter) bigger 33 %, including class 6-9.

Hard coal is coal type with higher level calorie result compared to bituminous/sub bituminous and lignite (brown of coal).

Type coal character anthracite :
+ Black and hardly gleams and compact
+ Very caloric value height, very carbon content height.
+ Very few water content.
+ Very few ash content.
+ Very few sulfur content.

Type coal character bituminous/sub bituminous :
+ Black and gleams, less compact.
+ High caloric value, relative carbon content of height.
+ Water content a few.
+ Ash content a few.
+ Sulfuric content a few.

Lignite type coal character (brown of coal) :
+ Black and very fragile.
+ Low caloric value, carbon content a few.
+ High water content.
+ Ash content many.
+ Sulfuric content many.

Visible coal characters with analysis as follows :
a. Analysis Proximate, consisted of :

1. Moist (moisture) which in the form of free moist (free moisture), wafting moist (inherent moisture), Total moist (total moisture).
2. Ash content (ash)
3. Carbon (Fixed carbon)
4. Matter flies (volatile matter

b. Analysis Ultimate, consisted of element analysis C, H, O, N, Sulfur, P and Cl.

c. Caloric value, there is 2 kinds of caloric value that is :

1. Caloric value net (net calorific value or low heating value), that is combustion caloric value where all water (H2O) calculated in a state of presentation of gas.
2. Gross caloric value (grosses calorific value or high heating value), that is combustion caloric value where all water (H2O) calculated in a state of liquid existence. This caloric value expressed in cal/gram, Btu/lb or MJ/kg.

d. Sulfuric total
Sulfuric or brimstone in coal can be met as pyrite mineral, marchasite, calcium organic sulfate or brimstone which at the time of combustion will turn into SO2.

e. Dusty analysis
Dusty happened at coal firing will form oxides as follows : SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, Mn3O4, CAO, Magnesia, Na2O, K2O. This ash especially would in mixed solid with klinker (at cement industry) and will influence quality of cement.

f. Grind Index (Hard grove Index)
Be a number which show can easy or not of coal is grind to become powder fuel. More and smallest the number is more and more situation firm of the coal. The price of hard grove index for Indonesia coal ranges from 35-60.

g. The bearing coal character with volatile matter
As according to in character, coal generally is divided to 4 kinds :
1. Anthracite, contains a few volatiles matter
2. Bituminous, contains volatile medium matter
3. Lignite, contains many volatiles matter
4. Peat

Sources : Batubara and Gambut, Ir. Sukandarrumidi, MSc, Ph.D. Gajah Mada University Press