1. ATTITUDE
a. PAYING ATTENTION TO DETAILS
b. EACH OPERATION MUST BE COMPLETED AS PRECISELY AS POSSIBLE
c. TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (T.Q.M)
d. GROUP EFFORT
2. COMMUNICATION
a. SAFE BLASTING PRACTICES REQUIRE GOOD COMMUNICATION.
b. COMMUNICATION BETWEEN MEMBERS OF SAME GROUP AND BETWEEN GROUPS.
c. OPTIMUM BLAST DESIGNS DEPEND ON INPUT FROM EACH GROUP.
3. BLAST DESIGN
KEYS TO EFFICIENT BLAST DESIGN
a. UNIFORM ENERGY DISTRIBUTION
b. APPROPRIATE ENERGY CONFINEMENT
c. PROPER ENERGY LEVEL
d. ADJUSMENT OF DESIGN TO MEET - EXISTING CONDITIONS
APPROACH TO ACHIEVING OPTIMUM BLAST EFFICIENCY
4. GEOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Blasting results are influenced more by rock properties than explosive properties.
Rock properties:
Compressive strength >> Tensile strength
a. Rock Structure:
a.1. Rock fragmentation is primarily controlled by bedding, jointing, and faulting.
a.2. Smaller drill pattern minimize the adverse effects of bedding and fractures but increase drill and blast costs.
a.3. Explosives with high gas production (ANFO) are appropriate for highly jointed or fractured rock.
a.4 The orientation of the free face to the joints sets is also a key consideration for fragmentation and wall control.
Water
a. Static water
b. Dynamic water
c. Multiple priming is advised in wet blast hole
