Background
1. Indonesia is blessed abundant of coal and mineral resources, such as tin, gold, nickel, copper, bauxite, industrial minerals etc. The country poses the second largest tin producer and the third coal producer in the world.
2. Mining is temporary use of the land, so that mining must be organized and conducted in such manner to ensure that long term productivity of the land is restored, and that permanent degradation of the lands and waters and their resources is avoided.
VISION
Strengthening mineral and coal resources-based industry, and regional development for maximum welfare of the people, while increasing added value and preserving the environment through implementing high standard and code of ethic and environmentally sound technology
MISSION
a. Maintaining and improving contribution of mineral, coal, geothermal and groundwater to state revenue and local government, and maximum benefits for the people while considering mineral conservation principle.
b. Ensuring sustainable supply of mineral, coal, geothermal and ground water as raw material for domestic industry and export.
CHARACTERISTIC OF MINING INDUSTRY
a. Occurrence of recsources: sub surface (underground)
b. Occurrence can not be shifted
c. Stages :
* General study
* Exploration
* Exploitaion
* Mine closure
d. Non renewable resourecs
e. High capital and technology
f. Potencial as Prime mover
g. Has Multiplier effect
h. Extremely high risk
MINING OPERATION
a. EXPLORATION
b. LAND CLEARING
c. OVER BURDEN REMOVAL
d. EXTRACTION
e. SUPPORTING FACILITIES OPERATION
f. HAULAGE, TRANSPORTATION, SHIPPING
g. PROCESSING/BENEFICIATION
h. STOCKPILING
i. CESATION
Why has Mining a role to play in Sustainable Development?
a. Essential to modern living and ingredients of most products, industry inputs and services
b. Importance to developing countries and international commerce
c. Mineral resources comprise ~50% of natural capital, and exploiting them effects all other components of natural capital - land, water, air and biodiversity
WHY DOES MINING ACTIVITY ALWAYS CONFLICT WITH THE ENVIRONMENT?
a. Can be found everywhere (occurrence everywhere)
b. Can not choose location for development
c. Change landscape
d. Huge earth material movement (for surface mining)
e. High capital intensity, high risk…(mining is gambling)
f. Involve heavy (big) equipment
g. Low employment ---> (not mass production type)
IMPACTS OF MINING
a. Surface mining
b. Erosion dan sedimentation
c. acid mine drainage
d. Air quality pollution
e. Ground vibration and air blast
f. Surface and ground water pollution
g. Changing of Land use
h. Declining of land productivity
i. Impacts on social,economic and culture
Current Issues of Indonesian Mining
a. Decline of investment since 1998
b. Production of some metal (Au and Silver) are decreasing because of national reserve is depleted; coal production is increasing due to expanding production of existing coal mining operations, not because of new investment.
c. Decrease of exploration activity by existing CoW and CCoW
d. Mal-practices of decentralization of mining in local government
e. Environment issues
f. Illegal mining
g. Mining Capital Goods is dominated by import
h. Conflict of Land uses
i. Added value of mineral is low
Mining is temporary use of the land, so that mining must be organized and conducted in such manner to ensure that long term productivity of the land is restored, and that permanent degradation of the lands and waters and their resources is avoided.
MINE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
a. Air Asam Tambang (ARD, AMD)
b. Pengendalian Erosi dan Sedimentasi
c. Tailing
d. Stability
* Pit /ex pit
* Overburden dumping
e. Reclamation
* Returning (maintaining) land productivity
* Flood, land slide
h. Lahan Basah/Rawa Buatan (construction Wet Land)
i. Mine Closure (Penutupan Tambang)
* Environmental protection
* Sustainability of the development
Corporate Citizenship & Sustainable Development: A New Paradigm
World Mine Ministeries Forum Toronto, March 2000
Some Application of Good Mining Practice
a. High precision exploration
b. Application of proper technology (recovery, impact)
c. Land use efficiency
d. Soil/overburden handling, erosion and sedimentation control, AMD
e. Reuse and recycle of water from processing plant, Protection of water sources
f. Total mining, contemporaneous reclamation
g. Environmental monitoring
EFFORTS HAVE BEEN DONE IN MINING
Application of Pollution Prevention Principle, as follow:
INTERNALISATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN MINING ACTIVITY !!!
Means:
Give first priority on technical approach in mining activity in order to minimize impact and to mitigate impact
OPERATIONALISATION IN GOVERNMENT TASK
a. Annual environmental management and monitoring plan
b. Report on quarterly and yearly environmental management implementation
c. Five year reclamation plan
d. Reclamation bonding
e. Report on reclamation progress
f. Report on environmental incident handling
Future Government Policy :
a. Encourage company to implement Good Mining Practice
b. Partnership development
c. Promote investation
d. Encourage undergound mining and marginal deposit exploitation (insentif mechanism)
Sustainability of mineral supply
CLOSING REMARKS
a. Indonesia relatively has abundance mineral resources and it has high potency as base capital for development
b. Mining industry as prime mover and accelerator for national economic development should be optimized
c. Mineral resources utilization should be well and carefully managed, because nonrenewable and can generate negative impact to the environment
AIR QUALITY MONITORING
DUST SUPRESSION
LAND PREPARATION
INSTALLING ENERGY BREAKS, HYDROSEEDING
NURSERY, PLANTING TREES
RECLAMATION OVERVIEW
